Behind the label:

— The truth about 'healthy' alternatives —

Are sugar-free, non-fat, and low-calorie foods and drinks that claim to be a 'healthy alternative' actually harming your body? Or are the scare stories we often read merely a myth?

With the help of registered nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed, we've analysed some popular products and explored their nutritional values and ingredients to find out what they're actually doing to our bodies - for better or for worse.

So, are these drinks and snacks healthy eats or diet deceits?

Find out
No-sugar drink

No-sugar, low-calorie drink

(380 ml bottle)

Notable ingredients:

Aspartame, acesulfame-K, caffeine.

Aspartame:

  • Aspartame is a white, odourless substance used to sweeten sugar-free foods.
  • In 2013 the European Food Safety Authority confirmed aspartame as safe for human consumption (including pregnant women and children) after a review of the evidence.
  • The acceptable daily intake is 40mg per 1kg of body weight. With 185mg in the average diet drink, a 70kg person would have to drink around 15 bottles to reach this limit.

Acesulfame-K:

  • Acesulfame-K is an artificial substance that’s 200 times sweeter than sugar.
  • The European Food Safety Authority says it’s safe, with the acceptable daily intake being 9mg per 1kg of body weight. With 30mg in the average diet drink, a 68kg person would have to drink 20 bottles to reach this limit.

Caffeine:

  • Caffeine is both a drug and an ingredient added to food. It stimulates the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord and nerves) and temporarily increases alertness.
  • It’s generally recommended that adults shouldn't exceed 400mg of caffeine per day, while pregnant women should limit intake to 200mg.

Caffeine content compared to:

lucozade zero orange (380ml)

45.6 mg

lucozade zero orange (380ml)

(12% of Food Standards Agency's recommendations)

Diet coke (330ml)

42 mg

Diet coke (330ml)

(10% of Food Standards Agency's recommendations)

Mug of filter coffee

140 mg

Mug of filter coffee

(35% of Food Standards Agency's recommendations)

Mug of tea

75 mg

Mug of tea

(19% of Food Standards Agency's recommendations)

Are diet and low-sugar drinks bad for me?

Are diet and low-sugar drinks bad for me?

Are diet and low-sugar drinks bad for me?

While the EFSA says the amount of aspartame and acesulfame-K found in energy drinks isn't enough to cause harm, the topic of artificial sweeteners is riddled with controversy.

Some studies have linked aspartame to cancer in rats and mice, but the EFSA reviewed and confirmed its safety in 2013 (read the study). However, a 2014 study monitored adults consuming a high-aspartame diet of 25mg per 1kg of body weight (which is below the daily maximum) and linked aspartame to irritability and depression (read the study).

The US Centre for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) has raised concerns that acesulfame-K testing wasn't carried out properly and argue it could be linked to cancer, but the EFSA has dismissed the claims.

While caffeine is largely considered safe, excessive consumption can cause raised blood pressure and dizziness. Some studies suggest it may also be addictive – people with caffeine dependency can experience withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, depression, and irritability (FDA). These speculated side-effects might explain why people feel they are “addicted” to certain diet drinks.

In the UK, there are no official guidelines about how much caffeine adults or children should consume. But, for adults, daily intakes of caffeine up to 400mg do not raise safety concerns (per the EFSA). For children, experts argue caffeine consumption should be kept to a minimum as it can lead to sleep deprivation, hyperactivity, and anxiety, which may result in further developmental issues.

Are diet and low-sugar drinks bad for me?

Expert nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed says: "Sweeteners have been a controversial issue in the UK and Europe for a number of years. However, it's important to remember that, after a lot of research, they have been approved for use in our foods and – within the limits recommended – are recognised as safe for human consumption."

"Sweeteners are used in foods as a replacement to sugar and therefore replicate a sweet taste. There is some argument that to reduce sugar intakes it would be best to reduce the 'sweetness' we have become accustomed to in our foods, but we don't have enough research to make any solid recommendation on this."

"When it comes to caffeine, it's important that pregnant women, young children and those sensitive to caffeine limit their intakes. For everyone else (unless medically advised), the EFSA suggest that caffeine intakes up to 400mg do not raise safety concerns."

"Most fluids count towards our recommendation for 6-8 glasses of fluid a day. However, ultimately all we need to stay hydrated is water. Water is also the best option to keep us hydrated as it contains no calories or sugar and has a neutral pH. This means that it can help us to hydrate without supplying excess calories, sugar, or damaging our teeth!"

Veggie crisps

Veggie crisps

(40g serving)

Notable ingredients:

Mixed root vegetables in varied proportions (beetroot, parsnip and carrot), sunflower oil, sea salt.

Vegetables:

  • The pack may be made up of around 65% vegetables: the other 35% may be oil and salt.
  • Some nutrients may be destroyed in the roasting process.

Sunflower oil:

  • Often thought of as a healthy alternative to cooking with butter, it's high in omega-6 fatty acids. While omega-6 is an essential part of our diet, most people tend to consume too many, especially in relation to heart-healthy omega-3s.

Fat content compared to:

tyrrells veg crisps (40g)

14.3 g

tyrrells veg crisps (40g)

(20% of adult's recommended intake)

Plain pringles (40g)

13.2 g

Plain pringles (40g)

(19% of adult's recommended intake)

Mars bar (51g)

8.6 g

Mars bar (51g)

(12% of adult recommended intake)

Carrot sticks (100g)

0.3 g

Carrot sticks (100g)

(0.4% of adult recommended intake)

The truth about 'healthy' branded crisps

The truth about 'healthy' branded crisps

The truth about 'healthy' branded crisps

Because branded vegetable crisps are marketed as 'healthy', it means we may feel we can eat more of them, when in fact they have a similar nutritional value to traditional potato crisps. In one study, participants ate 35% more of a product they believed to be healthy (read the study). When it comes to crisps that are marketed as 'healthy', the most concerning aspect of these products is their high fat content.

Including some fat in our diet is essential, as it's a vital aspect in providing energy and helping our bodies absorb vitamins. However, any excess fat consumed is stored in the body as adipose tissue (fat). Foods such as crisps are a problem if consumed too often, as they are high in fat and offer no nutritional value. Therefore, eating too many too often can lead to weight gain.

Eating too many crisps containing an excess of saturated fats could be especially concerning, as saturated fats can cause cholesterol to rise and increase your risk of developing heart disease or having a stroke. Studies have also linked saturated fats to insulin resistance, which can lead to type-2 diabetes (Harvard Health Publications).

The nature of the saturated fat content from sunflower oil in crisps means we also risk ingesting too much omega-6. Some experts argue if the brain absorbs too much omega-6 and not enough omega-3, it may lead to mental health issues, obesity and cancer (read the study). More research is needed in this field, however.

The truth about 'healthy' branded crisps

Expert nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed says: "The concern with products that are often seen as 'healthier alternatives' such as vegetable crisps, is they don't always match up to their reputations. Crisps are crisps, and even if they are made with vegetables, they are likely to contain too much in the way of fat, saturated fat and salt. In fact, the vegetable crisps here have higher levels of saturated fat and salt than some well-known, regular crisp brands."

"Additionally, there is a danger that people may consume more of a product if they consider it to be 'healthier'. As a nutritionist, I've seen this first hand in weight loss clinics where clients may eat even as much as double a portion size of a product if it's perceived to be healthy. With a product similar to these crisps, that could mean a person ends up eating more than double the amount of fat, saturated fat or salt."

"The government advises that we reduce the amount of fat, saturated fat, and salt we eat, and therefore these vegetable crisps might not be the best snack if you're looking for a healthier option. Better alternatives could include fruits and vegetables, plain yogurts, vegetable sticks and dips, nuts and seeds. Or you could try making your own vegetable crisps at home and using only a little oil, and spices such as paprika instead of salt for flavourings."

Berry Breakfast Pot

Berry Breakfast Pot

(240g pot)

Notable ingredients:

Half-fat Greek-style yogurt, summer berry compote, baked honey, coconut-coated oat granola, multiple sources of sugar (sugar, glucose syrup, berry compote).

Half-fat or non-fat yogurt:

  • To supplement flavour lost from removing the yogurt's fat, extra sugar may be added.

Granola:

  • Granola can be high in fat, and often contains added sugar or honey to improve the taste.

Summer berry compote:

  • When fruit is heated and turned into a syrup, it loses some vitamins, sacrificing some of its original nutritional value. Breaking down the fruit also means the sugar becomes more readily available, and is therefore known as a 'free sugar'.
  • As there is a higher concentration of fruit in less space, a serving size contains more sugar than a piece of fruit in its whole form.

Sugar content compared to:

Berry breakfast pot (240g)

30.7 g

Berry breakfast pot (240g)

(34% of adult's recommended intake)

Chocolate iced Krispy Kreme doughnut (63g)

21.5 g

Chocolate iced Krispy Kreme doughnut (63g)

(24% of adult's recommended intake)

½ bag of Wine Gums (50g)

28.5 g

½ bag of Wine Gums (50g)

(32% of adult's recommended intake)

Serving of plain, Greek yogurt (100g)

3.8 g

Serving of plain, Greek yogurt (100g)

(4.2% of adult's recommended intake)

'Healthy' products could be harming you

'Healthy' products could be harming you

'Healthy' products could be harming you

While each of these ingredients can be fine in moderation, when combined they amount to a very sugary meal. Store-bought breakfast pots may be marketed as being a healthy option, but the 'natural ingredients' in them can contain an abundance of 'free sugars' (often called 'added sugars').

According to new government regulations, free sugars should be limited to make up no more than 5% of our daily energy intake – this equals about 25-30g of sugar per day. Consuming an excess of calories from free sugars offers little nutritional value and can contribute to weight gain.

While 'natural' sugars, such as honey and fruit syrups, are often seen as being healthier than refined sugars, they contain a similar amount of calories and have a similar effect on the body. Consuming too many 'healthy' products that contain an abundance of free sugars could have the same negative health effects as drinking too much fizzy pop.

'Healthy' products could be harming you

Expert nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed says: "Although these breakfast pots are fine to include in the diet in moderation – and are likely to contain some nutrients too – having them every day may result in a person going over their 'free sugar' recommendations on a regular basis."

"People often perceive that these products are 'healthy options' but, as you can see from the stats above, they can actually contain a lot of sugar. It's important to note that a lot of the sugar may come from lactose in the yogurt and also from the sugar naturally present in the fruit. However, the sugar in a fruit compote is still a 'free sugar' – the type of sugars the government want us to cut down on – simply because it's concentrated and doesn't contain the fibre and other benefits that we may get from eating whole fruits."

"On top of this, a yogurt pot like this often has other added sources of sugar – for example, there are around four different types of sugar added into this breakfast pot, on top of the sugar available in the lactose and the fruit compote."

Sparking Fruit Cider

Sparkling Fruit Cider

(500ml bottle)

Notable ingredients:

Alcohol, sugar.

Sugar:

  • Cider's high sugar content means it can negatively impact your body and your teeth.

Alcohol:

  • People shouldn't consume more than 14 units per week, spread evenly across at least three days, according to the Chief Medical Officers' (CMO) latest guidelines. That equals roughly six pints of beer or glasses of wine over a week.
  • In the short term, drinking excessive amounts can cause 'hangover' symptoms such as headaches, dehydration and nausea.
  • Long-term effects of excessive alcohol consumption include cancer, liver disease and addiction.

Sugar content compared to:

Sparkling fruit cider (500ml)

30 g

Sparkling fruit cider (500ml)

(33% of adult's recommended intake)

Can of coke (330ml)

35 g

Can of coke (330ml)

(39% of adult's recommended intake)

John Smiths extra smooth bitter (568ml)

0 g

John Smiths extra smooth bitter (568ml)

(0% of adult's recommended intake)

Gin and tonic (250ml)

18 g

Gin and tonic (250ml)

(20% of adult's recommended intake)

Sugary alcoholic drinks can cause weight gain

Sugary alcoholic drinks can cause weight gain

Sugary alcoholic drinks can cause weight gain

While we are aware of the impact fizzy drinks can have on our bodies, alcohol can be a 'blind spot', and some of us ignore or don't realise how the calorie and sugar content of certain alcoholic drinks can affect us.

Alcoholic drinks are typically high in calories but have no or little nutritional value. Consuming an excess of 'empty calories' can lead to weight gain, which can trigger a whole host of other health problems.

The high sugar content in many alcoholic drinks can also lead to dental defects. Naturally occurring bacteria in your mouth eat away at sugars and create acid. Consuming a lot of sugary beverages increases the amount of acid, which starts to erode the enamel that covers your teeth. This can cause cavities (which happen when a bacterial infection creates a hole in a tooth) and may lead to tooth loss.

Sugary alcoholic drinks can cause weight gain

Expert nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed says: "The calories and sugar content of alcohol often get ignored, especially as most alcoholic drinks are exempt from nutritional labelling laws. It is therefore easy for people to drink excess alcohol, unaware of how much they are actually consuming."

"However, many alcoholic drinks, especially cider, are high in sugar and calories and so drinking excess alcohol over time could lead to weight gain. For people trying to lose weight, it can be easy to ignore the calories you may be consuming in the local pub on a Friday night, but these calories soon add up. In fact, Drink Aware suggests the calories in two pints of cider are roughly equivalent to consuming one-and-a-half burgers."

"It's a good idea to spread drinks out, so you're less likely to consume too much alcohol, sugar or calories in one go. Additionally, you could try going for smaller portions of alcoholic drinks and making them last longer, or finding out if there are low-calorie options available. Always try and drink water at the same time as consuming alcohol, to help you to stay hydrated."

Kids' Fruit Roll-up

Kids' Fruit Roll-up

(17g pack/one roll)

Notable ingredients:

Fruit puree from concentrate, glucose syrup, maltodextrin, sugar.

Fruit puree from concentrate, glucose syrup, maltodextrin, sugar.

  • Fruit from concentrate has been condensed and compacted, meaning it contains a lot of sugar without offering the same nutritional benefits (like fibre) that whole fruit does.

Maltodextrin:

  • A processed food made from starch, used to thicken products and can also act as an artificial sweetener.

Glucose syrup:

  • A type of sugar used to improve the flavour of processed foods. It doesn't offer any nutritional benefit, and is often considered 'empty calories'.

Sugar content compared to:

Kids' fruit roll-up (17g)

6.3 g

Kids' fruit roll-up (17g)

(26% of 7–10 year old's recommended intake (free sugars))

Haribo starmix mini bag (16g)

7.5 g

Haribo starmix mini bag (16g)

(31% of child's recommended intake)

Twister lemon ice lolly (50ml)

7 g

Twister lemon ice lolly (50ml)

(29% of child's recommended intake)

Dairy milk chocolate buttons (14.4g)

8.1 g

Dairy milk chocolate buttons (14.4g)

(34% of child's recommended intake)

Addiction, mood, and sugar

Addiction, mood, and sugar?

Addiction, mood, and sugar

While snacks like these are commonly marketed for children, they contain a high concentration of free sugars and have little or no nutritional value. The sticky texture can also get stuck between teeth, which may make it hard for saliva to wash away the sugar. Therefore, parents who think they're providing kids with a healthy snack could be providing them with empty calories and a recipe for tooth decay.

Studies show that eating sugar triggers the reward system in the brain, causing dopamine levels to surge. This is why we enjoy eating 'junky' foods – in short, dopamine makes us feel good. Some experts argue that this can lead to sugar addiction (International Collegiate Science Journal), though this is widely debated.

Addiction, mood, and sugar?

Expert nutritionist Charlotte Stirling-Reed says: "The government recommends limiting the amount of sugar, especially 'free sugars' that children consume every day. The early years are an important time to get eating habits right and, as eating patterns can be tracked from early life to adulthood, establishing healthy eating (and healthy snacking) is important from a young age."

"Although these products are based on fruit, they don't compare to whole fruits, as whole fruits contain plenty of nutrients and fibre that's likely to be completely missing from these fruit roll products. In the UK, many of us don't consume enough fibre and so it's better to focus on healthy nutrient and fibre-rich snacks such as crackers, whole fruits and vegetables, and wholegrains."

"In the UK we also have high rates of childhood tooth decay and frequent sugar consumption is part of the reason for this. Healthier snacks are likely to be lower in sugar and not stick to the teeth in the way processed fruit products may."